Question

How is ammonia manufactured industrially?

Answer 1

Hint:Ammonia is a compound composed of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms held by covalent bonds. It has a lone pair of the electron over the nitrogen atom.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Haber’s process is used for the synthesis of ammonia which is carried out at a high temperature because, at low temperatures, the reaction becomes very slow due to which the rate of formation of ammonia becomes very slow.
To make ammonia, the mixture of ${ N }_{ 2 }$ and ${ H }_{ 2 }$ gases are passed over heated iron. Heated iron acts as a catalyst in the synthesis of ammonia. It accelerates the rate of reaction.\
The following reaction will take place:
${ N }_{ 2 }{ (g)+3H }_{ 2 }{ (g)\rightleftharpoons 2NH }_{ 3 }$
A mixture of dry nitrogen and hydrogen in the ratio of ${ 1:3 }$ by volume is compressed in the presence of pressure approx. ${ 200-300atm }$ and passed over the Fe catalyst at a temperature of approximately ${ 723-773K }$.
Now, the Fe catalyst mixed with aluminium oxide and potassium oxide which acts as promoters.
The ammonia formed is continuously removed by liquefaction.

Additional Information:
Le chatelier's principle is the principle that determines how the equilibrium of a reaction changes by changing various factors on which it depends. According to this principle, change in any of the factors that determine the equilibrium conditions of a system will cause the system to change in such a manner so as to reduce or counteract the effect of the change.
These factors include the concentration of reactant, product, temperature, and catalyst.

Note: The possibility to make a mistake is that you may forget that this formation of ammonia by Haber’s process occurs in the presence of a catalyst that acts as a promoter.