Question

How does the structure of the blood vessels entering and leaving the glomerulus help move glucose into the bowman’s capsule?

Answer 1

Excretion is the process of elimination of metabolic waste products from the animal body to regulate composition of body fluids and tissues. Excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra.

Complete answer:
The nephrons are structural and functional units of the kidneys, which consists of Malpighian corpuscle and renal tubule. The Malpighian corpuscle comprises glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule. Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries. Blood enters the glomerulus through an afferent arteriole and leaves it through an efferent arteriole. Glomerular filtration takes place in the glomerulus. Bowman's Capsule is a double layered cup-shaped structure. The lumen of the capsule is continuous with the narrow lumen of the renal tubule.

Urine formation involves the process of glomerular filtration, selective reabsorption and tubular secretion. The glomerular filtrate comprises a large amount of water along with other dissolved substances such as urea, uric acid, glucose, amino acids, potassium, sodium, etc. The glomerular filtrate from Bowman's capsule enters into the proximal convoluted tubule. A few selected materials are absorbed from the filtrate into the blood of the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta. It is termed as tubular reabsorption. Both passive and active transport are involved in reabsorption across the tubular epithelium.

Note: About 65 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubules before reaching the loop of Henle. Glucose, amino acids, sodium, potassium etc. are absorbed from the filtrate. The reabsorption of glucose and amino acids takes place by secondary active transport.