Question

How does the myelination process differ in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 1

Around axons acquisition of the highly specialized myelin membrane is characterized as the myelination process with the proliferation of oligodendroglia the process of myelination begins which align along axons and then myelin membrane gets elaborated with the plasma membrane of oligodendroglia.

Complete answer:
1)The central nervous system and peripheral nervous system both are different and have their functions as myelin sheath is formed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and in the central nervous system its formation is done by oligodendroglia.

2)In the myelination process, electrical insulation of neurons is provided, and in both the central and peripheral nervous system during this process myelin sheath is wrapped around the axons of neurons.

3)The main difference that occurs between the central and peripheral nervous system is that one oligodendrocyte is responsible for the formation of myelin sheath for several neurons in the central nervous system and one Schwann cell is responsible for the formation of myelin sheath for one segment of the axon in the peripheral nervous system.

4)Myelin helps the nerve cells to allow more complex brain processes and also transmits information faster. For a healthy nervous system functioning myelin, the process is important as it also helps in increasing skills development.

Note: Myelination is the process that occurs or completes properly by the age of 2 years as it starts developing at 36 weeks gestation, for special senses, motor-sensory roots and the brain stem myelination occurs early in an organism.