Question

How does the formation of covalent bonds relate to the octet rule?

Answer 1

We can say electron transfer as a process where an electron shares one or more electrons to its nearby atom. We know that there should be eight electrons in the valence orbital of an atom. This is called an octet rule. If an atom has less than eight electrons, they have a tendency to react and a stable compound is formed.

Complete step by step answer:
As we know that the covalent bonding happens when atoms share outermost electrons, a chemical bond is formed. Molecules of nonmetals form covalent bonds by sharing electrons to accomplish an octet of valence electrons, similar to the noble gases, aside from helium, which contains two valence electrons. The octet alludes to the most elevated energy s and p sublevels, the valence shell, which in noble gases, aside from helium, are filled up with eight electrons, two in the s sublevel and six in the p sublevel.
For instance, atoms of hydrogen contain one outermost electron. Two hydrogen particles bond covalently by sharing their single valence electrons to frame a covalent bond, which forms a molecule of hydrogen gas $\left( {{H_2}} \right)$. This gives them a shared pair of electrons that every hydrogen molecule adequately has two valence electrons like the respectable gas helium.
An illustration of atoms that bond covalently to shape an octet is the arrangement of a covalent connection between two chlorine particles to form an atom of chlorine gas$\left( {C{l_2}} \right)$. Every atom of chlorine has seven valence electrons, one of which is unpaired and accessible for bonding. At the point when two atoms of chlorine segment their unpaired electrons, a solitary covalent bond results, and every atom of chlorine viably contains an octet of valence electrons, similar to argon that is noble gas.

Note: We have to know that polar bonds are of two types. One type of covalent bond is polar covalent bond and another type of covalent bond is nonpolar covalent bond. A polar Covalent Bond is made when the electrons that are shared among atoms are not similarly shared. A nonpolar Covalent Bond is made when atoms share their electrons similarly.