Question

How does the body maintain fluid balance?

Answer 1

Tendency of an organism to maintain stability in the body by the regulation of the body's internal environment is called homeostasis. Claude Bernard was the first to describe homeostasis mechanisms. Homeostasis is a phenomenon required to maintain a constant optimal condition within the body to maintain its natural function. The principal purpose of homeostasis is to sustain the body function constant according to the internal or external changes.

Complete answer:
Body maintains fluid balance by the process of fluid homeostasis. This process maintains osmolarity of body fluids and plasma in the body. The maintenance involves both neural and endocrine regulations. Fluid homeostasis is also referred to as fluid balance. Here, the body keeps the osmolality of body fluids within a very narrow change at all the times.
Water balance in the body is maintained by bringing constant exchange of water between tissue fluid and circulating blood. Water in the plasma provides a fluid environment.
Osmolality is defined as a measure of dissolved particles in a fluid. Osmolarity is concentration of solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per liter.
When osmolality of the body goes down, the brain stops the release of antidiuretic hormone, which prevents us from feeling thirsty. This makes kidneys produce more urine. Humans pass more urine at this stage. Hence, more water is lost from the body. If there is less water, the osmolarity goes up and the body gets more thirst to pass more urine. This leads to more osmolality in the body and the cycle always gets repeated.

Note:
Both chemical and physical conditions are maintained by homeostasis. The internal environment in the body involves extracellular fluid pH, body temperature, blood sugar level, fluid balance, sodium potassium level maintenance.
There are five types of homeostasis found in the body. They are as follows:
1. Blood sugar control
2. Temperature control
3. Concentration of gas
4. Body fluid maintenance
5. Blood pressure maintenance