Question

How does genetics affect our life?

Answer 1

Genetics is the study of Heredity. It pertains to Humans and all other animals. Genetics is important to understand the cause of disease in humans as well as animals and how individuals respond to particular therapies.

Complete answer:
INTRODUCTION :
Genetics deals with study of genes, heredity, inherited trait, Genetic mutation, genetic variation in living organisms. Genetic material of an organism is a chromosome, it is made up of proteins and DNA. Each cell contains 23 pairs of sex chromosome, which are inherited from parents. Abnormalities present in the genes can give rise to genetic disorders in individuals.
Mutation causes permanent inheritable changes in humans, they can be inherited or occur spontaneously. There are certain genetic changes associated with life that increase the risk of having birth defects from child or developmental disability or developing diseases such as Diabetics, Cardiovascular, cancer.
Diseases are classified based on their Genetic disorder :
MONOGENIC DISORDER :
This disorder involves Mutation of DNA sequence on single genes. As a result protein in the gene code is altered or missing.
Example : Cystic fibrosis, SCID, Sickle cell disease.
MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDER :
This disorder involves variation in multiple genes. They are also referred to as polygenic disorders.
Example : Alzheimer’s Disease, heart disease, Hypertension, Cancer, Hypothyroidism, infertility.
CHROMOSOMAL GENETIC DISORDER:
In this disorder entire chromosomes or large segments are missing or duplicated. This can be classified into Two groups Numerical and structural abnormalities.
Example : Down Syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome.

Note :
The duration of human life will be influenced by Genetics. Understanding the Genetic factors and its disorders, helps to learn about promoting health and preventing disease. In Non -heritable disorder the defects may be caused by new mutations or changes in DNA.