Question

How does genetic information pass among DNA, RNA, and proteins?

Answer 1

Most genes contain the information which is needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (Some genes produce other molecules that eventually help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is usually very complex and tightly controlled within each cell. Consisting of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are usually known as gene expression.

Complete answer:
During the process of the transcription, All the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the nucleus of. Both RNA and DNA are usually made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties.
The types of RNA's that are having the information for forming a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from a particular DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Translation, the second step in forming a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex usually called the ribosome, which "reads" the sequences of, particularly mRNA bases. Every sequence of three bases, called a codon, usual codes for one particular type of amino acid. (Amino acids are known to be the building blocks of proteins.)
A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein usually one amino acid at a time. The Protein assembly usually continues until the ribosome encounters a particular “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).

Note: The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles for molecular biology. It is so important that sometimes it is known as the “central dogma in biology”. The DNA and RNA use nitrogenous genetic codons written as three-letter words called triplet codons which represent 20 amino acids. There are 61 such codons: each codon represents one particular amino acid.