Question

How does evolution produce new species?

Answer 1

Evolution is defined as the changes in the characteristic of a species. The heritable characteristics get changed over generations which are expressed under evolution.

Complete answer:
Evolution involves several steps among which the first step is genetic modification among individuals. Genetic modification is defined as a technical change in the characteristic of a plant, animal or microorganism which can be done by transferring a piece of DNA from one organism to the other. Genetic modification can take place in numerous ways which include the copying of the genome, radiation, mutation etc. The second step involves the modification in the environment which is beneficial if the chance of the organism surviving and producing offspring have a greater gene. The accumulation of the mutations takes place when the species are separated physically for several reasons which include the population split or the continents split.
The two populations can no longer produce offspring after a long period which can be successful and produces different species and is known as the speciation to occur. Speciation can be driven by many processes which include natural selection under which the organism is likely to survive and reproduce which lead to speciation. Genetic drift is the other process under which the random fluctuations in allele frequency among the population takes place and causes the organism to be different from the original population genetically which results in the formation of new species.

Note:
All living entities evolved from bacteria known to be lived billions of years ago. Human evolution takes around 5 million years and biological evolution started around 3.7 billion years ago.