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Question: How do you determine the mass of carbon dioxide produced when \(0.85g\) of butane reacts with oxygen...

How do you determine the mass of carbon dioxide produced when 0.85g0.85g of butane reacts with oxygen according to the following equation?
2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O2{C_4}{H_{10}}\, + \,13{O_2}\, \to \,8C{O_2}\, + \,10{H_2}O

Explanation

Solution

Here we have reaction of butane C4H10{C_4}{H_{10}} with oxygen O2 {O_2}\, so mainly it is a combustion reaction which gives carbon dioxide CO2 C{O_2}\, and water. Thus for finding out the amount of carbon dioxide produced from 0.85g0.85g of butane we first have to find out the amount of carbon dioxide forming according to the reaction.

Complete step-by-step answer: According to the reaction we have 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O2{C_4}{H_{10}}\, + \,13{O_2}\, \to \,8C{O_2}\, + \,10{H_2}O in which if we consider the molar mass of butane, it is 58 g58\,g and as there are 2 moles2\,moles of butane therefore we can say that we have a total of 116 g116\,g . So, 116 g116\,g of butane is reacting with oxygen and forming carbon dioxide and water. Amount of carbon dioxide is 44g44g as there is a number 88 in stoichiometry hence, we can say a mass of 352g352g is produced.
Mass of butane = 116g = \,116g
Mass of carbon dioxide =352g = 352g
2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O2{C_4}{H_{10}}\, + \,13{O_2}\, \to \,8C{O_2}\, + \,10{H_2}O
116 g of C4H10 produces= 352g CO2116\,g\,of\,{C_4}{H_{10}}\,produces = \,352g\,C{O_2}
Thus for one gram of butane we will get the amount of carbon dioxide as 1g of C4H10 produces= 352g116g CO21g\,of\,{C_4}{H_{10}}\,produces = \,\dfrac{{352g}}{{116g}}\,C{O_2}
Now for the amount we want is for 0.85g0.85g of butane, thus it will be-
0.85g of C4H10 produces( 352g116g ×0.85) CO20.85g\,of\,{C_4}{H_{10}}\,produces \left( {\,\dfrac{{352g}}{{116g}}\, \times 0.85} \right)\,C{O_2}
= 2.579 g CO2= \,2.579\,g\,C{O_2}
On solving we get, 2.579 g2.579\,g of carbon dioxide is forming from 0.85g0.85g of butane.

Note: As we calculated for carbon dioxide, we can easily find out the amount of other substances formed from the reaction of butane and oxygen. The same reaction question can be asked for the amount of water produced and also for the amount of oxygen needed for the reaction. The combustion reactions are when any hydrocarbon reacts with full supply of air oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water at the end as products.