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Question: How do you calculate the pH of HCl?...

How do you calculate the pH of HCl?

Explanation

Solution

. First we should know about the concentration of HCl solution or the molarity of the solution, then by applying the pH formula as pH=−log⁡[H+]pH=-\log [{{H}^{+}}], we can easily find the pH of the solution. Now solve it.

Complete step by step answer:
- First of all, let’s discuss what is pH. pH gives us the measure of acid/base strength of any solution. pH scale ranges from 0-14, 7 is neutral, below 7 it represents acidic nature i.e. the compound is acidic and above 7 it represents basic nature i.e. the compound is basic.
- HCl stands for hydrochloric acid and it is a very strong acid. So, from this we come to know that its pH should fall in the range between 0−70-7.
Now, considering the statement:
- First, of all we should know about the molarity of the solution i.e. the concentration of HCl in mol liter−1mol\text{ lite}{{\text{r}}^{-1}} and then we can easily calculate the pH of HCl solution by using the pH formula as;
pH=−log⁡[H+]pH=-\log [{{H}^{+}}] -----------(1)
i.e. pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion.
- Here, H+{{H}^{+}} represents the concentration of the hydrogen ion in the solution and the concentration of both the acid i.e. HCl and hydrogen ions i.e. H+{{H}^{+}} in the solution is the same. It is so because, HCl is a very strong acid and dissociates completely into the hydrogen ions and chloride ions as;
HCl→H++Cl−HCl\to {{H}^{+}}+C{{l}^{-}}
- Now, if suppose that the molarity of solution is 0.1M0.1M
Then, the pH of the HCl solution is as;
Using equation (1), we get:
pH=−log⁡[0.1]  = −log⁡[1×10−1]  = −log⁡[10−1]  =−(−1)log⁡10 (log10=1)  =1 \begin{aligned} & pH=-\log [0.1] \\\ & \text{ = }-\log [1\times {{10}^{-1}}] \\\ & \text{ = }-\log [{{10}^{-1}}] \\\ & \text{ =}-(-1)\log 10\text{ (log10=1)} \\\ & \text{ =1} \\\ \end{aligned}
Thus, in this way we can find the pH of the HCl solution.

Note: Molarity may be defined as the no. of moles of the solute to the total volume of the solution in liters or 1000 ml1000\text{ ml} of the solution. it is represented by the symbol as M.
molarity=no. of moles of the solutetotal volume of solution in litersmolarity=\dfrac{no.\text{ }of\text{ }moles\text{ }of\text{ }the\text{ }solute}{total\text{ }volume\text{ }of\text{ }solution\text{ }in\text{ }liters}