Question

How do you calculate the entropy for a molecule or atom?

Answer 1

Entropy is a quantifiable physical characteristic that is most frequently linked with a condition of disorder, unpredictability, or uncertainty. The word and idea are utilised in a wide range of areas, from classical thermodynamics, where it was originally identified, through statistical physics' microscopic description of nature, to information theory's principles. It has a wide range of applications in chemistry and physics, biological systems and their relationships to life, cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, climate change, and information systems, including telecommunications.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
The entropy equation devised by Boltzmann was:
$S={{k}_{B}}lnt$ , where t is the microstate distribution function of a system.
The Boltzmann constant is ${{k}_{B}}$ .
This implies that the number of microstates accessible to a system increases its entropy, which is the amount of energy dispersed across the system. The fact that entropy is a function of temperature makes sense.
In chemical thermodynamics, thermodynamic entropy is crucial because it allows changes to be quantified and reactions to be anticipated. The second rule of thermodynamics says that entropy rises throughout all spontaneous chemical and physical events in an isolated system - the combination of a subsystem under investigation and its surroundings. The Clausius equation $\dfrac{\delta {{q}_{\text{rev}}}}{T}=\Delta S$ adds the entropy change measurement, $\Delta S$ . Entropy change explains the amount and direction of simple changes like heat transmission across systems, which always goes from hotter to colder on its own.
The degree of order or disorder, or chaos, in a thermodynamic system is frequently loosely related with entropy. Entropy is a measure of "molecular disorder" and the amount of lost energy in a dynamical energy transfer from one state or form to another, according to the standard qualitative definition. Several recent writers have developed accurate entropy formulae that account for and measure disorder and order in atomic and molecular assemblies, which is a step in this direction.

Note:
Entropy is a measure of energy dispersal at a particular temperature that may be defined qualitatively. Entropy changes have been described in terms of the mixing or "spreading" of the total energy of each constituent of a system over its particular quantized energy levels since early in the history of classical thermodynamics, and with the development of statistical thermodynamics and quantum theory, entropy changes have been described in terms of the mixing or "spreading" of the total energy of each constituent of a system over its particular quantized energy levels.