Question

How do the atoms combine in $CaC{l_2}$ or Calcium Chloride?
A.By Forming a metallic bond
B.By Forming co-ordinate covalent bond
C.By Forming an ionic bond
D.By Forming a covalent bond

Answer 1

Covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons while the ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons. The presence of coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions in ionic bonding leads to its stability.

Complete step by step answer:
Ionic bond involves complete transfer of electrons as there occurs the formation of ions called cation and anion therefore, there exists a huge electrostatic force of attraction which makes it a strong bond. For example, sodium chloride is formed by an ionic bond between sodium and chloride ion.
Covalent bond involves the sharing of two or more outer shell electrons that can hold all biomolecules together. Shared electrons are difficult to give away because two elements together share the electrons and make the bond stronger. For example, a water molecule has a covalent bond in it.
We know that bond strength is inversely proportional to bond length. The bond length of ionic bonds is less as compared to that of a covalent bond. So, we can say that the ionic bond is stronger than the covalent bond. The ionic bond is formed when there is small ionization whereas covalent bonding occurs when the polarization degree is high.
Since the presence of coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions in ionic bonding leads to its higher stability, it is stronger than the covalent bonding.
The atoms combine in $CaC{l_2}$ or Calcium Chloride, by Forming an ionic bond.

So, the correct option is, B.

Note: Polarization power is the distortion in an ion due to other ion’s power is, which is the phenomena responsible for the covalent character in ionic bonding. This can be explained in detail by considering Farzan’s rules that even a $100\%$ ionic bond has some characteristics of a covalent bond.