Question

How did Heisenberg contribute to the atomic theory?

Answer 1

To solve this question, first we will explain the Heisenberg uncertainty principle or we will explain how Heisenberg contributed to the atomic theory. Then we will explain the formula of uncertainty of an electron.

Complete step by step solution:
Heisenberg contributed through his uncertainty principle.
He expressed that an electron's speed and area can impractically be known at the same time. The purpose behind this is on the grounds that an electron is a particularly minuscule small measure of mass, the demonstration of noticing it with any sort of light (radiation) would move the molecule an alternate way/speed.
At the point when we need to find your telephone across a room, we take a gander at it and light bobs off of your telephone to your eye. On the off chance that you take a gander at an electron, light (photons) hit the electron, along these lines moving it an alternate way and speed.
The exact formula for calculating the uncertainty of an electron goes:
$\Delta x > \dfrac{h}{{4\pi m}}\Delta v$
where, $\Delta x = the{\text{ }}uncertainty$
$h = 6.626 \times {10^{ - 34}}J.S$
$m = mass{\text{ }}of{\text{ }}electron\left( {9.109x10 - 31{\text{ }}kg} \right)$
.
Sometimes the uncertainty can be bigger than the atom itself which is why electrons have never been observed directly.

Note:
The uncertainty principle isn't appropriate to fixed electrons on the grounds that in the fixed express the speed of an electron is zero. As an outcome, the situation of the electron can be precisely determined. But the two positions and speeds of an electron can't be resolved precisely.