Question

How can you calculate the dipole moment of a molecule?

Answer 1

Before solving this question, first we have to understand the term dipole moment. Molecules are the combination of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded together.

Complete answer:
Dipole moment arises in those compounds where there is separation of charges. Dipole moment can arise in both ionic as well as covalent compounds. The dipole moment is present due to the electronegativity difference between the chemically bonded atoms or molecules present in a molecule.
The mathematical expression for dipole moment is mentioned below:
Dipole moment = $=charge(Q)\times distance(d)$
Where, Q = magnitude of the charge present on the molecules
d= distance between the partial positive and partial negative charge on the molecule.
The dipole moment is measured in Debye units which I represented as D.

Additional information:
If we talk about the effect of polarity on chromatography, polarity has a huge effect on how much a chemical substance is to other substances.
Some molecules are positively charged and some molecules are negatively charged. For example, the particles which are positively charged are attracted to the negative side of the particle which is negatively charged. The larger the difference, the more polar the compound is. Polarity of the solvent affects the speed of the chromatography process. So, we can say that, if we increase the polarity of the solvent all the other components present in the mixture move faster during the chromatography experiment.

Note:
The dipole moment of bonds can be zero when the oppositely charged dipole moments cancel each other. The total molecular dipole moment is the sum of all the bond dipoles which is present in the molecule.