Question

How can we convert unsaturated hydrocarbon to saturated hydrocarbon ?

Answer 1

Hint : Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that have double or triple covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
$-$Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are the simplest class of hydrocarbons. They are called saturated because each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms.
$-$Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that have double or triple covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms. The term unsaturated means more hydrogen atoms may be added to the hydrocarbon to make it saturated
$-$Pyrolysis is the name given to the class of reaction that converts the unsaturated hydrocarbon to saturated hydrocarbon. The decomposition of a compound by heat in the absence of air is called Pyrolysis. When pyrolysis occurs in alkanes, the process is termed as cracking. The pyrolysis reaction usually occurs at the high temperature and mostly under the presence of aluminum oxide.
$-$It is feasible to change unsaturated hydrocarbons over to saturated hydrocarbons by an addition reaction in which hydrogen is added to unsaturated hydrocarbons within the sight of a catalyst, for example, nickel what breaks the double or triple bond to form saturated hydrocarbon.
$C{H_2} = C{H_2} + {H_2} \to C{H_3} - C{H_3}$

Note :
Hydrocarbons are the principal constituents of petroleum and natural gas. They serve as fuels and lubricants as well as raw materials for the production of plastics, fibres, rubbers, solvents, explosives, and industrial chemicals. Petroleum and coal are the major sources of hydrocarbons.