Question

How can the Hardy-Weinberg equation be calculated?

Answer 1

Genotype and allele frequencies in a large, random-mating population remain constant in the absence of any evolutionary influences from one generation to the next, according to the Hardy-Weinberg law. Natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, sexual selection, gene flow, genetic hitchhiking, founder effect, meiotic drive, population bottleneck, inbreeding, and assortative mating are among the influences”.

Complete explanation:
The Hardy Weinberg equation is used to determine the genetic variation in an equilibrium population. Using the equation, we can compute the allele and genotype frequencies. The gene pool remains stable in genetic equilibrium.
${p^2}{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}2pq{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}{q^2} = 1$
In a diploid organism, p and q are the two alleles A and a, respectively. The frequency of homozygous genotype AA is p2, whereas the frequency of homozygous genotype aa is ${q^2}$. The number of heterozygous people is $2pq.{\text{ }}p{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}q{\text{ }} = {\text{ }}1$ in this situation.
We can see if there is a difference between the real and calculated frequencies. Evolution is to blame for the aberration.
If they give you the number of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive in a Hardy Weinberg question. You can find p and q by dividing the total number of alleles in the population by the total number of alleles in p or q, or by finding ${q^2}$ to find q.
They reasoned that since the combined frequencies of p and q represent all the alleles for that trait in the population, they must equal $1$. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation is useful for population geneticists because it allows them to calculate the proportion of each genotype and phenotype in a population.
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disrupted by mutations, natural selection, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, and gene flow, among other things. Mutations, for example, upset the equilibrium of allele frequencies by introducing new alleles into a population.

Note:
Inferences drawn from Hardy-Weinberg law are as follows-
Only sexual reproduction is possible.
Mating is a haphazard process.
The population will continue to grow endlessly.
The organisms are diploid.
The generations do not mix.
In terms of sexes, allele frequencies are equal.
No evidence of gene flow, selection, mutation, migration, or admixture could be found.