Question

How are elements formed?

Answer 1

Elements are shaped by the gravitational powers in stars causing the combination of lighter elements into the heavier ones. Our reality is made of elements and blends of elements called compounds. An element is an unadulterated substance made of atoms that are the entirety of a similar kind. As of now, $116$ elements are known, and just around $90$ of these happen naturally.

Complete step by step answer:
Hydrogen and helium were likewise framed during the molecule buildup after the theory of universe starting point. We can meld restricted elements in research center investigations (and combination atomic bombs!), yet it is enthusiastically entirely horrible, so we should utilize the elements found in nature.
During the development of the universe about $14$ billion years back in the purported $'Big{\text{ }}Bang'$, just the lightest elements were framed – hydrogen and helium alongside follow measures of lithium and beryllium. As the haze of enormous residue and gases from the Big Bang cooled, stars framed, and these then assembled to shape universes.
The other $86$ elements found in nature were made in atomic reactions in these stars and in enormous heavenly blasts known as supernovae.
For a large portion of their lives, stars intertwine essential hydrogen into helium in their centers. Two atoms of hydrogen are joined in a progression of steps to make $helium - 4$. These reactions represent $85\%$ of the Sun's energy. The leftover $15\%$ comes from reactions that produce the elements beryllium and lithium.
Man-made elements: Only $90$ of the $116$ realized elements happen naturally, so where have the other $26$ come from the advancement of atomic force plants and machines known as molecule quickening agents:
- Scientists found that, by permitting quick neutrons to slam into the regular isotope of uranium known as $U - 238$ of an atomic reactor, the 'new' component plutonium was made.
- By crushing atoms together in machines known as molecule quickening agents, it was found that new elements could be made. For instance, besieging atoms of the component curium with atoms of neon made component $106{\text{ }}-{\text{ }}seaborgium$.

Note:
Examples of component making (nucleogenesis) in helium consuming reactions:
-$3$ helium atoms melding to give a carbon atom: $3{\text{ }}@{{\text{ }}^4}He{\text{ }} \to {{\text{ }}^{12}}C$
-Carbon atom $+$ helium atom melding to give an oxygen atom: $^{12}C{\text{ }} + {{\text{ }}^4}He{\text{ }} \to {{\text{ }}^{16}}O$
-Oxygen atom $+$ helium atom intertwining to give a neon atom: $^{16}O{\text{ }} + {\;^4}He{\text{ }} \to {\;^{20}}Ne$
-Neon atom $+$ helium atom melding to give a magnesium atom: $^{20}Ne{\text{ }} + {\;^4}He{\text{ }} \to {\;^{24}}Mg$