Question

How are bases named?

Answer 1

We have to know that base is a proton acceptor, (or) an electron pair donor. We can say that base is a substance that could accept ion of hydrogen $\left( {{H^ + }} \right)$ (or) base donates a pair of outermost electrons. A weak base does not fully ionize (or) completely accept ions of hydrogen in an aqueous solution. $pH$ is increased by bases and weak bases contain a less dramatic effect on $pH$.

Complete step by step answer:
Generally we could observe that base will be an ionic compound, for example, sodium hydroxide $\left( {NaOH} \right)$ and barium hydroxide$\left[ {Ba{{\left( {OH} \right)}_2}} \right]$, that contain the hydroxide ion and a metal cation.$M{\left( {OH} \right)_n}$ is the general formula of base. We have to know that alcohols contain general formula $ROH$ and they are covalent compounds, and they do not dissociate in water to give a basic solution. Basic solution contains hydroxide ions. When the base reacts with any acids, a proton is accepted. So, bases are known as proton acceptors.
So, we can say that simple bases are named as,
Name of the metal followed by hydroxide. We can say that bases are alkali that contain $OH$ group (s) that is known as hydroxide ion, and it would dissociate into hydroxide ion $\left( {O{H^ - }} \right)$, incase if the alkali is soluble. For example: The name of $NaOH$ is sodium hydroxide. In $NaOH$, the metal cation is sodium and the hydroxide ion is present. The name of $Ca{\left( {OH} \right)_2}$ is calcium hydroxide. In $Ca{\left( {OH} \right)_2}$, the metal cation is calcium and the hydroxide ion is present.

Note: We have to know that metal hydroxide ${\left( {MOH} \right)_n}$ produces hydroxide $\left( {O{H^ - }} \right)$ ions and bases. We have to remember that alcohols $\left( {ROH} \right)$ does not yield $O{H^ - }$ (or) ${H^ + }$ and their nature is neutral whereas hydrogen ions are given by carboxylic acids, and are acidic in nature.