Question

How Aniline is obtained from the Nitro benzene?

Answer 1

It is one of the reactions of the preparations methods of the Aniline. This reaction is also a chemical property of the Nitro benzene. Aniline is obtained by the suitable reduction of the nitrobenzene. By using suitable reducing agent or addition of the hydrogen in the suitable conditions to the nitrobenzene aniline can be obtained.

Complete Solution :
- Nitro benzene is the compound which is having the nitro group present on the benzene ring. When we try for the reduction of this compound firstly the oxygen present in the nitro group will be reduced, that is hydrogen will be added where the oxygen will be removed. Here in the reaction of preparation of the nitro benzene from the aniline the reaction is carried out or takes place in the presence of tin in the acidic media. So when the Nitro benzene is treated in the presence of tin in acidic media the nitro group will get reduced to ammonia or the oxygen in the aniline is replaced by the hydrogen which is nothing but the reduction of the nitro group. The reaction is as shown below:
${{C}_{6}}{{H}_{5}}-N{{O}_{2}}+6\left[ H \right]\to {{C}_{6}}{{H}_{5}}-N{{H}_{2}}+2{{H}_{2}}O$

Hence the aniline will be produced as shown in the above reaction. That is the reduction reaction of the nitro benzene.
This is one of the ways of the production of the aniline from the nitro benzene.

Note: A compound is said to be reduced if oxygen is removed or hydrogen is added to that compound and a compound is said to a reducing agent if it reduces the compound that reacts with it, in this case the reducing agent will get oxidize itself to reduce the compound reacting with it.