Question

hey should i remember which are pentavalent impourities and trivalent for smiconductors

Answer 1

Yes.

Answer 2

Yes, it is highly recommended to remember which elements act as pentavalent and trivalent impurities for semiconductors. This knowledge is fundamental to understanding the concept of doping and the formation of n-type and p-type extrinsic semiconductors.

Why it's important:

• N-type semiconductors: Formed by doping a pure semiconductor (like Silicon or Germanium) with pentavalent impurities. These impurities have 5 valence electrons, contributing an extra electron for conduction, making them 'donor' impurities.
• P-type semiconductors: Formed by doping a pure semiconductor with trivalent impurities. These impurities have 3 valence electrons, creating a 'hole' (electron deficiency) which acts as a positive charge carrier, making them 'acceptor' impurities.

Examples to remember:

• Pentavalent Impurities (Group 15 elements):
  • Phosphorus (P)
  • Arsenic (As)
  • Antimony (Sb)
• Trivalent Impurities (Group 13 elements):
  • Boron (B)
  • Aluminium (Al)
  • Gallium (Ga)
  • Indium (In)

This understanding is crucial for various topics in semiconductor physics and electronics.