Question

Haplo-diplontic life cycle is found in
a. Bryophytes
b. Pteridophytes
c. Fungi
d. Both (A) & (B)

Answer 1

In haplo-diplontic, the mitosis takes place in both diploid and haploid cells. Such an organism shows "alternation of the generation" during their life cycle where the gametophyte is multicellular and haploid, while the sporophyte is multicellular and diploid.

**Complete answer :**

Haplo-diplontic life cycle involves the alternation of generations between a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte. Bryophytes and pteridophytes exhibit this life cycle.
Features of haplo-diplontic life cycle:

The life cycle has two phases
One phase is haploid gametophyte and the other is diploid sporophyte
Diploid structure or zygote develops into diploid sporophytic generation
Sporophyte produce sporangia that by meiosis produce haploid zoospores
Zoospores develop into a haploid gametophytic generation
Gametophyte produce gametes
Male and female gametes fuse to form the diploid zygote
There are two types of the haplodiplontic life cycle: a) Isomorphic b) Heteromorphic
_So, the correct answer is option (D) Both A and B _

Note: A haploid gametophyte represents a dominant, independent, photosynthetic, thalloid or erect phase. The dominant phase alternates with the short-lived multicellular sporophyte. The sporophyte is totally or partially dependent on the gametophyte for anchorage and nutrition. All bryophytes represent this pattern. In the case of the pteridophytes, the sporophyte is the dominant phase and represents an independent, photosynthetic, vascular plant body. This alternates with gametophyte which is haploid, multicellular, saprophytic/autotrophic, independent and short-lived. This pattern represents a haplo-diplontic life cycle. All pteridophytes exhibit this pattern. Example- Exceptionally Algae such as Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, kelps. Pteridophytes example- Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equisetum, Pteris, Dryopteris, Adiantum. Bryophytes example- Moss and liverworts