Question

Haldane effect refers to
A. More acidity in the blood
B. Less acidity in the blood
C. More basicity in the blood
D. Less basicity in the blood

Answer 1

Haldane effects usually refers to the effect of oxygen on $\mathop {CO}\nolimits_2$ transport. Deoxygenated blood carries a high amount of $\mathop {CO}\nolimits_2$ where oxygenated blood carries less $\mathop {CO}\nolimits_2$ due to more oxygen binding capacity. $70\%$ of the carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ion, 7% is transported by getting dissolved in plasma and 20-25% as carbaminohemoglobin.

Complete answer:
Haldane's Effect: It is related to the transport of $CO$, in the blood. It is based on the simple fact that oxyhaemoglobin behaves as strong acid and releases an excess of $H^+$ ions which bind with bicarbonate ${HCO_3}^-$ ions to form $\mathop H\nolimits_2 \mathop {CO}\nolimits_3$ which dissociates into $\mathop H\nolimits_2 \mathop O\nolimits_{}$ and $CO$ Secondly, due to the increased acidity $\mathop {CO}\nolimits_2$, loses the power to combine with haemoglobin and form carbamino-haemoglobin. Effect of oxyhaemoglobin formation or dissociation on $\mathop {CO}\nolimits_2$, transport is called Haldane's effect.
So, there will be an excess of $H^+$ions as oxyhaemoglobin acts as a strong acid.
More acidity in the blood :- as oxyhaemoglobin acts as a strong acid so it will increase acidity in the blood. Thus, this option is correct.
Less acidity in the blood :- as oxyhaemoglobin acts as a strong acid so it will increase acidity by increasing H+ ions. So there will be more acidity and not less. Thus this option is incorrect.
More basicity in blood :- as oxyhaemoglobin acts as a strong acid so it will increase acidity and it is not basic so there will be no basicity. Thus this option is not correct.
Less basicity in blood:- as oxyhaemoglobin acts as a strong acid so it will increase acidity and there is no basic ion that will give its basicity. So this option is not correct.

Our required answer is A) More acidity in blood.

Note:
$\mathop O\nolimits_2$, binds with Hb at the lungs surface and gets dissociated at the tissues. Under the high partial pressure, oxygen easily binds with Hb in the pulmonary blood capillaries. When this oxygenated blood reaches to different tissues, the $\mathop {PO}\nolimits_2$, decreases and the bonds holding oxygen to Hb become unstable. As a result, oxygen is released from blood capillaries to tissues where it is utilised for oxidation of glucose.