Question

Given, _________ is defined as a process where materials, usually metals, deteriorate as a result of a chemical reaction with air, moisture, chemical, etc. For example iron, in the presence of moisture, reacts oxygen to form hydrated iron oxide.

Answer 1

The question contains all the information regarding the process , the name of which is left blank . By the help of the example given in the question the name of the process becomes more easier to be known.

Complete answer:
Now from the question,
Corrosion is the most common phenomena observed in our daily lives. We notice that some objects made of iron are covered with some orange or reddish-brown coloured layer on the surface. This layer formed is the result of a chemical process known as rusting, which is a form of corrosion.
Corrosion is defined as the process through which metals are converted into more stable compounds as metal oxides or metal sulfides, or metal hydroxides. Rusting of iron occurs due to formation of iron oxides due to the action of moisture and oxygen. Corrosion is an undesirable phenomenon due to its negative effects on the properties of the metal. For example, iron has good tensile strength and rigidity (especially when alloyed with some other elements). However, when rusting occurs, iron objects become brittle, and its structure becomes unsound. Corrosion is an electrochemical process as redox reactions occur between metal and corrosive agents such as water, oxygen, sulphur dioxide, etc.
Corrosion is a spontaneous and irreversible process where the metals convert into a much more stable chemical compound like oxides, sulphides, hydroxides, etc.

Note:
Prevention of Corrosion
Corrosion can be prevented by the use of the following methods:
1. Electroplating
It is the process through which a metal is coated with a thin layer of another metal using electrolysis. In this way, the new metal coating protects the metal from corrosion.
The metals most commonly used for electroplating other metals are Copper, Nickel, Gold, Silver, Zinc. Etc.,
2. Cathodic Protection
In this process, the base metal is connected to a sacrificial metal which corrodes instead of the base metal. The sacrificial metal (more reactive than the base metal) will give out electrons and get oxidised. The ions which are formed take part in the corrosion reactions and hence save the base metal.
3. Galvanization
This process of coating iron with a thin layer of zinc to protect it. It is done by dipping iron metal in molten zinc. The coating of zinc layer protect the iron inside from corrosion
4. Painting and Greasing
Applying a layer of paint or grease on the metal prevents the exposure of metal with the external environment hence preventing corrosion.