Question

Given below are the three statements each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in any two statements.
(A) For a long time it was also believed that life came out of decaying and rotting matter like straw, mud, etc. This was theory of (i)
(B) During post-industrialization period, the three trunks became dark due to industrial smoke and soots. Under this condition the (i) did not survive due to predators, while (ii) survived.
(C) Lamrack said that evolution of life forms had occurred but driven by (i) of organs
(A)-(i) panspermia, (C)- (i) natural selection
(B)- (i) white winged moth, (ii) dark-winged moth (C)-(i) use and disuse
(C) (A)- (i) spontaneous generation (B)- (i) dark-winged moth, (ii) white-winged moth
(A)- (i) eternity of life (C)- (i) use and disuse

Answer 1

The imaginary mechanisms through which life arises regularly on a time scale of seconds, days, or years from non-living matter (e.g. in the presumed seasonal generation of mouse and other animals from the Nile mud) are often pointed to as abiogenesis.

Complete answer:
Evolution is a transition in biological populations' heritable features over subsequent generations. These features are the forms of genes that are transferred during development from generation to generation.
Now, let us find the solution from the options-
- The spontaneous generation theory suggests that living beings could emerge from non-living matter so such processes were prevalent and periodic. It was hypothesised that inanimate matter like fleas might emerge from such types like dust, or even that maggots could emerge from dead flesh.
- Before industrialization in 1860, it was found in England that there are many more white-winged moths than dark-winged or melanized moths on tree trunks. Yet there were many more dark-winged moths in the same region until industrialization in 1920. Before industrialization, white-colored lichens were hidden by tree trunks. The white-winged moths lived in that area, but the dark-winged moths were consumed by predators.

- The tree trunks were dark caused by industrial soot and smoke during the post-industrialization period. Therefore, because of predators, the white winged moths did not survive, but dark-winged moths lived, i.e., the moths concealed in the background survived. Thus, through natural selection, industrialised melanism promotes evolution.

- Lamarck also believed that life forms also evolved but were powered by the use and disuse of organs.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C) (C) (A)- (i) spontaneous generation (B)- (i) dark-winged moth, (ii) white-winged moth and option (B) (B)- (i) white winged moth, (ii) dark-winged moth (C)-(i) use and disuse.

Note: By developing and testing hypotheses, as well as developing theories based on field or laboratory observations and on data produced by the techniques of mathematical and theoretical biology, evolutionary biologists have decided to research different aspects of evolution.