Question

Give two examples of each of the following
A. Acute Diseases
B. Chronic Diseases

Answer 1

All those diseases which remain for a short period of time are called acute diseases. The diseases which last for a long time are chronic diseases. Both the types can be fatal depending on the intensity of the disease.

Complete step by step answer:
-ACUTE DISEASES - The two examples of acute diseases are -
Pneumonia - It is the infection or inflammation of lung tissue. It is an acute respiratory disorder in which either some or all of the alveoli are filled with fluid and blood cells. Pneumonic patients also suffer from declined function of gaseous exchange of the lungs.

-Acute Renal Failure- It is characterized by abrupt loss of kidney functions within a few days. The metabolic rate products, water and electrolytes are retained in blood and ECF which can lead to water and salt overload. The main cause behind this is the decreased blood supply to the kidneys( pre renal acute kidney injuries). It can be due to heart failure , low cardiac output , low blood volume , low blood pressure and also seen in hemorrhages. Artificial kidneys or dialysis can be used as a treatment.

-CHRONIC DISEASES -The two examples of chronic diseases are-
-Parkinson's Disorder - It is a movement disorder caused by the dysfunction of CNS. Destruction of nerve cells due to which dopamine levels are decreased. There is characteristic rigidity of musculature of the body. Involuntary tremors also occur during resting conditions. Speech disorder, fatigue and other motor functions are also impaired. Patients of severe parkinsonism must exert the highest degree of effort to perform even the simplest movement . It can be treated by administration of dopamine (neurotransmitter) or dopamine like drugs.

-Mellitus- It is a chronic metabolic disorder in which there is characteristic hormonal imbalance of insulin or development of insulin resistance in the body that leads to an increased amount of blood sugar level. It is of 2 types :
Type 1 :- it is caused by lack of insulin secretion.(insulin dependent diabetes mellitus).
Type 2 :- it is caused by decreased sensitivity of target tissue to metabolic effect of insulin ( non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus).

Note: Points to remember -
-Pneumonia in early stages might be localized in one lung only but it can also affect both the lungs in later stages.
-Metabolic acidosis is also seen due to excessive hydrogen ions in the patients of Acute Renal Failure.
-Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 .
-Parkinson’s disease is related to the central nervous system.