Question: Give the mathematical expression of dipole moment:...

Question

Give the mathematical expression of dipole moment:

Answer 1

Solution

Dipole moment arises in those systems where there is separation of charges. Dipole moment is the product of the magnitude of the charges and the distance between the negative and positive charges. Dipole moment is denoted by $\mu$ .

Complete answer:
From your chemistry lessons you have learned about the dipole moment and the mathematical expression of the dipole moment.
Dipole moment arises in those systems where there is separation of charges. Dipole moment is developed in both ionic as well as in covalent compounds. The electronegativity difference between the chemically bonded atoms or elements is the main cause for the development of dipole moment.
In a compound polar character leads to the separation of positive and negative charges. Bond dipole moment is the measurement of the polar character of a chemical bond present between the atoms in a molecule. Bond dipole moment is considered as a vector quantity because it has both magnitude as well as direction .
Mathematical expression of dipole moment is given as the product of the magnitude of the charge present on the molecule and the distance between the partial negative and the partial positive charges in the molecule. Hence it is expressed as :
$Dipole\,\,moment\,(\mu )=Ch\arg e\,(Q)\,\times Dis\tan ce\,(d)$
$\therefore \mu =Q\times d$
Where, $\mu$ = dipole moment
Q = Magnitude f the partial charges $(\delta )$ that are present on the molecules
D = distance between the partial positive $(\delta +)$ and partial negative $(\delta -)$ charge on the molecule.
Dipole moment is measured in Debye units which is represented as D. The value of D = $3.33564\times {{10}^{-30}}Cm$ .

Note:
Bond dipole moment is the dipole moment present between the single bond of the diatomic molecule and it is different from the total molecular dipole moment because it is the vector sum of all the bond dipoles present in the molecule. Bond dipole moments can also be zero when oppositely acting bond dipoles tend to cancel each other.