Question

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

Answer 1

The method of naming organic compounds is known as the IUPAC nomenclature. In order to name organic compounds ,we must memorize a few basic names.We should remember the names of substituents attached.We need to remember the basic rules and follow them stepwise .In the given structure, methyl groups are attached as substituents.

Complete Answer :
(1) The given structure with all of its atoms is as follows:

Select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the structure of the molecule.

Number the carbon atoms in the selected carbon chain from the end which is nearest to the methyl substituents.

The longest chain contains six carbon atoms. Thus, the parent alkane is hexane.
The two methyl groups are attached to carbon number 2 and one methyl group is attached to carbon number 3. Thus, 2,2,3-trimethyl.
Thus, the IUPAC name is 2,2,3-trimethylhexane.
(2) The given structure with all of its atoms is as follows:

Select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the structure of the molecule.

Number the carbon atoms in the selected carbon chain from the end which is nearest to the methyl substituents.

The longest chain contains six carbon atoms. Thus, the parent alkane is hexane.
The one ethyl group is attached to carbon number 3. Thus, 3-ethyl.

Thus, the IUPAC name is 3-ethylhexane.

Note: The rules for writing IUPAC name of alkanes are as follows:
(1) Select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the structure of the molecule.
(2) Number the carbon atoms in the selected carbon chain from the end which is nearest to the substituents attached.
(3) Count the number of carbon atoms in the chain. This is the parent alkane.
(4) Write the number indicating the position of the substituents.
(5) Assign a number to each substituent according to the carbon atom it is attached to. If there are two substituents on the same carbon, assign the same number to them.