Question

Give the IUPAC name of the given compound.

Answer 1

To answer this question, you must recall the rules for the IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds which is given by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The rules are given in such a way so as to make sure that each compound has a unique name.

Complete answer:
The functional groups present in the given compound are keto group/ oxo group and aldehyde group. From the order of preference of functional groups, we can see that between the two functional groups, aldehydes have a higher preference and thus is the principal functional group.
First we determine the word root of the compound using the number of carbon atoms present in the parent carbon chain. In other words it tells us the longest carbon chain in the compound. The carbon chain is of 6 carbon atoms, thus, the word root in this compound is hex-.
There are no double bonds present between the carbon atoms, and hence the compound is an alkane. So word root becomes Hexan-
The suffix represents the functional group present in the compound. The functional group present in the given compound is an aldehyde group and thus, the suffix to be used is –al.
Now we number the chain in such a way so that the principal functional group gets the smallest number.
Using all the above steps, the IUPAC name of the given compound is 3- keto- hexan-1- al or 3- keto- hexanal.

Note:
For polyfunctional organic compounds, i.e., those with more than one functional group, the preference order to choose the principal functional group is given as:
$- COOH > - S{O_3}H > - {(CO)_2}O > - COOR > - COX > - CON{H_2} > - CN$
$> - CHO > \rangle C = O > - OH > - SH > - N{H_2} > - OR > \rangle C = C\langle > - C \equiv C -$