Question

Give the importance of ${ C }_{ 4 }$ plants

Answer 1

Every photosynthetic plant follows the Calvin cycle but in some plants, there's a primary stage to the Calvin Cycle referred to as the ${ C }_{ 4 }$ pathway. Plants in tropical desert areas generally follow the ${ C }_{ 4 }$ pathway. Here, a 4-carbon compound termed as oxaloacetic acid (OAA), which is the primary product by carbon fixation.

Complete answer:
The importance of ${ C }_{ 4 }$ plants are:
- Plants within the tropical region are observed following this pathway - Two- step process where oxaloacetic acid may be a 4- carbon compound that's produced - Takes place in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells found within the chloroplast - These can either be annual or perennial and the ideal temperature for his or her growth is 90- 95℉ - Examples are Indiana grass, big bluestem, Bermudagrass,
The ${ C }_{ 4 }$ pathway initiates with a molecule called phosphoenolpyruvate ($PEP$) which may be a 3- carbon molecule. This is often the first $CO_2$ acceptor and the carboxylation takes place with the assistance of an enzyme called PEP carboxylase. They gain a 4-C molecule known as oxaloacetic acid ($OAA$). Eventually, it's converted into another 4-carbon compound referred to as malic acid. Henceforth, they're transmitted from mesophyll cells to bundle sheath cells. Here, $OAA$ is weakened to yield $CO_2$ and a 3-C molecule. The $CO_2$ thus formed is employed within the Calvin cycle whereas the 3-C molecule is transferred back to mesophyll cells for regeneration of PEP.

Note: Corn, sugarcane , and a few shrubs are samples of plants that follow the ${ C }_{ 4 }$ pathway. Calvin pathway may be a common pathway in both $C_3$ plants and ${ C }_{ 4 }$ plants but it takes place only within the mesophyll cells of the $C_3$ Plants but not within the ${ C }_{ 4 }$ Plants.