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Question: Give a test to differentiate \({ 1,1-dichloroethane }\) and \({ 1,2-dichloroethane }\): A) \({ 2,4...

Give a test to differentiate 1,1−dichloroethane{ 1,1-dichloroethane } and 1,2−dichloroethane{ 1,2-dichloroethane }:
A) 2,4−DNP{ 2,4-DNP } and then aq. KOH
B) aq. KOH and then 2,4−DNP{ 2,4-DNP }
C) NaHSO3{ NaHSO }_{ 3 }
D) Lucas reagent

Explanation

Solution

The only difference between 1,1-dichloroethane and 1,2-dichloroethane is that the two chlorine atoms are present on the same carbon atom in case of 1,1-dichloroethane, they are present in the adjacent carbon atoms in case of 1,2-dichloroethane. So we can oxidize both the compounds and 1,1-dichloroethane will form acetaldehyde while 1,2-dichloroethane will form ethan-1,2-diol. There is a particular reagent which can be used to distinguish between these two and it gives a yellow precipitate in presence of aldehydes.

Complete answer:

Lucas reagent: It is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid. This solution is used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols of low molecular weight. This is a replacement wherein the chloride replaces a hydroxyl group.
NaHSO3{ NaHSO }_{ 3 } It is known as Sodium bisulfite is a weakly acidic compound. It is usually used as a mild reducing agent, so typically used as an aqueous solution.
The reaction of 1,1−dichloroethane{ 1,1-dichloroethane } and 1,2−dichloroethane{ 1,2-dichloroethane } with 2,4−DNP{ 2,4-DNP } firstly, and then aqueous KOH won’t occur as 2,4−DNP{ 2,4-DNP } is used to differentiate between an aldehyde and a ketone, so firstly when aqueous KOH reacts with these compounds then geminal diol will be formed. Hence, this is not the correct option.
When 1,1−dichloroethane{ 1,1-dichloroethane } reacts with aq. KOH then ethanal will be produced which is a pungent-smelling aldehyde which when further reacts with 2,4−DNP{ 2,4-DNP } then 2,4−dinitrophenylhydrazine{ 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine } will be produced which is insoluble and yellow colored precipitate.

When 1,2−dichloroethane{ 1,2-dichloroethane } reacts with aq. KOH then ethan−1,2diol{ ethan-1,2diol } will be produced which is odorless and when it reacts with 2,4−DNP{ 2,4-DNP } then no precipitate formation occurs.
Therefore, we can say that we can differentiate 1,1−dichloroethane{ 1,1-dichloroethane } and 1,2−dichloroethane{ 1,2-dichloroethane } from aq. KOH and then 2,4−DNP{ 2,4-DNP }.

So, The correct option is B.

Note: The possibility to make a mistake is that you may choose option A. But to differentiate 1,1-dichloroethane and 1,2-dichloroethane we have to add aq. KOH and then 2,4-DNP will be used. Do not make a mistake by thinking that adding 2,4-DNP first and then aq. KOH will yield the same result. The 2,4-DNP gives yellow precipitate only for aldehydes. So we need to oxidize the compounds by aq. KOH first then we have to use 2,4-DNP for getting the result.