Question

Genetic code is translation of the language of
A. RNA into that of protein
B. Proteins into that of RNA
C. Amino acids into that of RNA
D. RNA into that of DNA

Answer 1

The process of translation requires transfer of genetic information from a polymer of nucleotides to a polymer of amino acids. Nucleotide is responsible for the translation of genetic code. This led to the proposition of a genetic code that could direct the sequence.

Complete answer:
Translation refers to the process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide or the formation of protein molecules from RNA. The order and sequence of amino acids are defined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA. The amino acids are joined by a bond called a peptide bond. The cellular factory responsible for synthesising proteins is the ribosome. The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and about 80 different proteins.
There are 2 subunits of the inactive state. When the small subunit encounters an mRNA, the process of translation of the mRNA to proteins begins. There are two sites in the large subunits, for subsequent amino acids to bind to peptide bonds. The ribosome also acts as a catalyst for the formation of peptide bonds. A translation unit in mRNA is the sequence of RNA that is flanked by the start codon (AUG) and the stop codon and codes for a polypeptide. mRNA contains an additional sequence that is not translated and is referred to as untranslated regions. UTRs are present at both 5' end and 3' end for the efficiency translation process.
For initiation, the ribosome binds to mRNA at the start codon and proceeds to protein synthesis. During this stage, tRNA linked to amino acids, sequentially binds to the codon present on mRNA through the anticodon present on tRNA. The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the mRNA. Amino acids are added one by one, translated into polypeptide sequences dictated by DNA and represented by mRNA. At the end, a release factor binds to the stop codon, terminating translation and releasing the complete polypeptide from the ribosome.

So, the correct answer is option A, RNA into that of proteins.

Note-
In prokaryotes, translation occurs in the cytosol, where the large and small subunits of the ribosome bind to the mRNA whereas in eukaryotes, it occurs in cytoplasm or across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. It takes place in the process called co- translational translocation.