Question

From a single ear of corn, a farmer planted $200$ kernels which produced $140$ tall and $40$ dwarf plants. The genotype of these offsprings are most likely
A. TT, Tt and tt
B. TT and tt only
C. TT and Tt only
D. Tt and tt only

Answer 1

The process by which a kid inherits genetic information from a parent is known as inheritance. The entire process of heredity is dependent on inheritance, which is why the offspring look like their parents. This simply means that people from the same family have similar characteristics due to heredity. Garden peas were used in Mendel's hybridization experiments. During that time, he selected some specific pea characteristics and performed cross-pollination/artificial pollination in pea lines that had stable trait inheritance and were self-pollinating continuously. True-breeding pea lines are such pea lines.

Complete answer:
Option A: Corn plants that are mature generate ears with hundreds of seeds or kernels. Each seed is created when a male gamete fertilises an egg. It has both the T and t alleles for height, with the T allele for height being the dominant one.As a result of crossing Tt and Tt, the progeny will have genotypes of TT, Tt, and tt, yielding $140$ tall plants from TT and Tt gametes and $40$ dwarf plants from tt gametes.
So, option A is correct.
Option B: Tt stands for heterozygous tall plant, TT stands for homozygous dwarf plant, and TT stands for homozygous tall plant.
So, option B is incorrect.
Option C: There must be $20$ heterozygous tall plants indicated by Tt in total $200$ plants $=$ $140$ tall (TT) + $$$$40 short (tt) $+$ x heterozygous tall (assumption).
So, option C is not correct.
Option D: Corn plants that have reached maturity produce ears containing hundreds of seeds or kernels. When a male gamete fertilises an egg, a seed is produced. For height, it has both the T and t alleles, with the T allele being the dominant one. The progeny of crossing Tt and Tt will have TT, Tt, and tt genotypes, giving $140$ tall plants from TT and Tt gametes and $40$ dwarf plants from tt gametes.
So, option D is not correct.

Note:
Mendel’s laws-
Law of Dominance- Hybrid children will only inherit the dominant characteristic in the phenotypic, according to the law of dominance. The repressed alleles are referred to as recessive traits, whereas the alleles that determine the trait are referred to as dormant traits.
Law of Segregation- The law of segregation asserts that two copies of each hereditary component segregate during gamete creation, resulting in offspring inheriting one element from each parent. To put it another way, allele pairs separate during gamete production and re-unite at random during fertilisation.
Law of Independent Assortment- The law of independent assortment, sometimes known as Mendel's second law of inheritance, asserts that during gamete production, a pair of traits segregates independently of another pair. Different qualities have an equal chance of occurring together since the distinct hereditary variables assort independently.