Question

Formula of soap is:
A. ${C_{16}}{H_{32}}COONa$
B. ${C_{17}}{H_{35}}COONa$
C. ${C_{17}}{H_{33}}COONa$
D. ${C_{17}}{H_{36}}COONa$

Answer 1

Hint : Soaps are substances which have the ability to remove the dirt from the surface when they get dissolved in water. Soaps are sodium salt of fatty acids and They form scum upon reaction with calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
The process of manufacturing of soap is called saponification. In this process, fats and oils are heated together and then mixed with a liquid alkali to produce soap and water in addition with glycerine. After that, Fats and oils are hydrolysed by applying a high-pressure steam to get crude fatty acids and glycerine. The fatty acids are then purified by a distillation process and neutralized with an alkali to produce soap.
Soaps must have specific chemical structures as their molecules should have a hydrophobic part that is water insoluble, such as a fatty acid or a long chain carbon group for example fatty alcohols or alkylbenzene. The molecule should also have a hydrophilic group that means water soluble group, such as $- COONa$ , or a sulfo group, for example: $- OS{O_3}Na$ or $- S{O_3}Na$ (such as in fatty alcohol sulfate or alkylbenzene sulfonate), or a long ethylene oxide chain in nonionic synthetic detergents.
This hydrophilic part helps to make the molecule soluble in water. During the cleaning process, the hydrophobic part of the molecule attaches itself to the surface (which has to be clean), and the hydrophilic part attaches itself to the water.
So, the formula of soap is ${C_{17}}{H_{35}}COONa$ .
So, option B is correct.

Note :
The formation of antibacterial soap, triclosan or triclocarban can be added to the soap during saponification. There is some concern that use of antibacterial soaps and other products might encourage antibiotic resistance in microorganisms. For more traditional or non-machine washing methods liquid soaps are preferred.