Question

Formation of $\text{NaCl}$ is best shown by:
A. Born - Haber cycle
B. Wilkinson's synthesis
C. Haber process
D. none of these

Answer 1

For this problem, we have to study the complete method of the preparation of the sodium chloride which is commonly known as salt. After which we can determine the correct option about the method of preparation of the sodium chloride.

Complete Step-by-Step Answer:
- In the given option, we have to explain the proper method of the preparation of the sodium chloride or salt among the given options.
- As we all know that the Born - Haber process or cycle is the method of determining the energies that are consumed in the reaction for the formation of the product.
- The energies that can be determined with the help of the Born - Haber's cycle are electron affinity, ionisation energy, sublimation energy, the heat of formation, etc.
- Also, the process is mainly used for the ionic compounds such as sodium chloride as we know that it is made up of two types of ions i.e. chlorine and sodium ion.
- So, the steps of the formation of the sodium chloride are:
1. Firstly, the sodium atom will sublime and forms the gaseous sodium atom i.e.
$\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{(\text{s})}}\text{ }\to \text{ N}{{\text{a}}_{(\text{G})}}$
2. Now, the sodium atom will convert into sodium-ion by absorbing the ionisation energy and removes one electron:
$\text{N}{{\text{a}}_{(\text{G})}}\text{ }\to \text{ Na}_{(\text{G})}^{+}\,\text{+ 1}{{\text{e}}^{-}}$
3. Now, the chlorine gas will break into two atoms of chlorine by absorbing the bond energy i.e.
$\text{C}{{\text{l}}_{2(g)}}\text{ }\to \ \text{2Cl}$
4. Now, the chlorine will accept an electron and forms a chlorine ion i.e.
$\text{C}{{\text{l}}_{(g)}}\,\text{+ 1}{{\text{e}}^{-}}\text{ }\to \ \text{C}{{\text{l}}^{-}}$
5. Now, in the final step the gaseous sodium ion and chloride ion will combine and releases the energy that is equal to the lattice energy:
$\text{Cl}_{(\text{g})}^{-}\text{ + Na}_{(\text{g})}^{+}\text{ }\to \text{ NaC}{{\text{l}}_{(\text{s})}}$

Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Note: In the first step the energy absorbed is known as sublimation energy whereas in step 2 ionisation energy was used. In step 3, bond dissociation energy of the chlorine is used, in step 4, electron affinity is used and in the last step, lattice energy is used.