Question

Formation of RNA on DNA templates is called as
A. Transduction
B. Transformation
C. Transcription
D. Translation

Answer 1

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a complex molecule that comprises genetic information. This information is transcribed into RNA which is further translated into proteins. This process is called gene expression.

Complete answer:
Gene is a small stretch of DNA that contains the information for protein synthesis. DNA is a large complex molecule with a double helix structure. When the information from DNA or a gene is encoded a series of processes take place. This process is known as Gene expression.
Gene expression is a 2 step process that involves transcription and translation. Transcription involves the transfer of information for protein synthesis from DNA to mRNA whereas synthesis of protein from mRNA is known as translation.
Transcription starts in the cell nucleus where DNA is present. The double-helix DNA molecule is first unwound to form two complementary strands of DNA which can act as a template for protein synthesis. An enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the DNA template. RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA molecules. In the next termination process, at 3’ end Adenine nucleotide is added. This transcribed mRNA is further translated into protein in the cell cytoplasm with the help of a number of enzymes.
Hence, the correct option will be option C-Transcription.

Note: In a prokaryotic cell, the RNA polymerase is a holoenzyme i.e. enzyme attached with a coenzyme; which is attached to a number of factors including transcription factor also called sigma factor, that recognizes the promoter region whereas in prokaryotes RNA polymerase are of three types RNA polymerase I, II, and III; that performs an extra step called proofreading.