Question

Formation of $\mathrm{NaCl}, \mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{BeCl}_{2}$.

Answer 1

Table salt (NaCl) is widely used in all of our houses. $\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}$ is a white coloured crystalline solid at room temperature, and it is highly soluble in water. It is a colourless, hygroscopic solid that dissolves well in many polar solvents.

Complete step-by-step answer:
-Salts are inorganic compounds, which means they do not contain carbon and hydrogen together in one molecule. Salts form when a positively-charged atom, called a cation, attracts a negatively charged atom, known as an anion.
-This positive to negative attraction is known as an ionic bond and is key in maintaining the chemical structure of salts. One of the most important salts in nature and biological systems is sodium chloride. Let's look at sodium chloride and discuss what makes it such a valuable salt in nature.
-Sodium chloride is formed when sodium atoms interact with chlorine atoms. When this occurs, sodium will donate an electron (which is a negatively-charged particle) to chlorine. This makes sodium slightly positive and chlorine slightly negative.
-Opposite charges attract, right? So then, sodium ions will attract chloride ions and form an ionic bond. By the way, chloride is the term used to designate the anion form of chlorine. The result is a crystallized salt that has properties that are different from the two parent elements (sodium and chlorine). The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl, which means that for every sodium atom present, there is exactly one chloride atom.
-Calcium chloride is created from the ionic bonds that form between calcium cations and chloride anions. Calcium ions have a charge of +2, while chloride ions have a charge of -1.
-The molecule for calcium chloride has one calcium ion (+2) and two chloride ions (-1), which means that the overall charge for the molecule is 0, or neutral. On screen is the chemical reaction for the formation of calcium chloride.
-Beryllium chloride is prepared by reaction of the metal with chlorine at high temperatures:
$\mathrm{Be}+\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{BeCl}_{2}$
$-\mathrm{BeCl}_{2}$ can also be prepared by carbothermal reduction of beryllium oxide in the presence of chlorine.BeCl $_{2}$ can be prepared by treating beryllium with $\mathrm{HCl}$.

Note: To know about the hybridisation of $\mathrm{BeCl}_{2}$ ( Beryllium Dichloride) we have to take a closer look at the central atom which is Be. Its electronic configuration is $1 \mathrm{s}^{2}, 2 \mathrm{s}^{2},$ where two electrons are present in the valence shell. During the formation of $\mathrm{BeCl}_{2}$, beryllium atom bonds with two chlorine atoms via single covalent bonds. The number of electron pairs around the central atom will be two. No lone pair is found in the molecule. If we analyze this information then we can conclude that BeCl2 has sp hybridization.