Question

For the given options, tRNA is utilized by:
(I) Transcription
(II) Translation
(III) DNA replication
(a) (I) only
(b) (II) only
(c) (I) and (II)
(d) (II) and (III)
(e) (I), (II) and (III)

Answer 1

The tRNA stands for Transfer ribonucleic acid and it’s a type of RNA. The function of tRNA is to read the message of nucleic acids, nucleotides, and translate it into proteins or amino acids.

Complete answer: Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA replication is the process in which the double-stranded DNA replicates or produces its identical form. While translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins when the process of the transcription completes by forming the DNA to RNA in the nucleus of the cell. This complete process is called gene expression. The translation is the process which completes in three steps:
(a) Initiation: The ribosome assembles around the target mRNA. The first tRNA gets attached to the start codon.
(b) Elongation: The tRNA transfers amino acids to tRNA corresponding to the next codon. The ribosome then translocates to the next mRNA codon to continue the process, developing an amino acid chain.
(c) Termination: When a stop codon is reached, the polypeptide is released by the ribosome.
The function of tRNAs is to act upon the specific sites in the ribosomes during the process of translation, which is a process that synthesizes a protein from an mRNA molecule.
Hence, the correct answer is option (b), i.e., (II) only, Translation.

Note: Each codon codes for one amino acid due to which a variety of tRNA molecules are required in order to accommodate not only the variety of codons but also the different types of amino acids in the body. Humans typically use 20 different amino acids.