Question

For safe blood transfusion
A. Donor’s RBC should not contain antibodies against recipient’s serum
B. Recipient’s serum should not contain antigens against donor’s antibodies
C. Recipient’s serum should not contain antibodies against RBC of donors
D. Recipient’s RBC should not contain antibodies against donor’s antigens

Answer 1

Blood transfusion is the process of intravenous transfusion or receiving of blood into the circulatory system. Red blood corpuscles contain antigens on their surface, while antibodies are present in the plasma of the blood. Antigens and antibodies perform the same function as in immune response.

Complete answer:
Now, let’s have a look at the basic terms so as to understand the question.
•Blood contains RBC and plasma(liquid portion).
•Serum- It is the portion remaining after removing clotting factors and fibrinogen(protein) from the plasma.
• RBC contains antigens present on its surface and antibodies are present in plasma.
• Now suppose if a person has a blood group- B. Then his/her blood will contain B antigen on the surface of RBC and Anti A will be the antibody that will be present in the plasma against it.
• So, when blood (RBC) is donated, there is no transfer of antibodies. The recipient’s serum should not contain antibodies against the antigen on red blood corpuscles of the donor as the RBCs of the donor have a surface antigen.
• If a blood transfusion is done between incompatible donor and recipient, the reaction between antibodies in the plasma (of the recipient) and the antigens on the RBC (from the donor) will lead to agglutination and clog the capillaries.

Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Additional information:
Agglutination is defined as the clumping of particles in the blood. The word agglutination literally means gluing to. The process of agglutination initiates if an antigen is mixed with its respective antibody also called Isoagglutinin. Blood grouping involves the phenomenon of agglutination.

Note: RBCs of donors are prone to destruction by the antibodies of the recipient after transfusion due to the phenomenon called hemolytic transfusion reactions. It may occur between the incompatible donor and recipient and causes serious damage by getting clogged into blood capillaries.