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Question: For a certain decomposition, the rate is 0.30\(M{s^{ - 1}}\)when the concentration of the reactant i...

For a certain decomposition, the rate is 0.30Ms−1M{s^{ - 1}}when the concentration of the reactant is 0.20M. If the reaction is second order, the rate (in Ms−1M{s^{ - 1}}) when the concentration is increased three times is:
a) 0.30
b) 0.90
c) 0.60
d) 2.70

Explanation

Solution

Rate of a reaction depends upon the concentration of substrate or product. For the second order reaction,
Rate = k[A]2{\left[ A \right]^2}
where k= rate constant and A= concentration
The units for rate are Ms−1M{s^{ - 1}}.

Complete step by step answer:
Rate of a reaction is the change in concentration of reactant or product with time.
First, we will see what is given to us in the question.
So, we have rate= 0.30Ms−1M{s^{ - 1}} when the concentration=0.20M
Let this rate be r1{r_1}and concentration be c1{c_1}.
Thus, r1{r_1}=k[A]2{\left[ A \right]^2}
0.30Ms−1M{s^{ - 1}}=k×\times [0.20]2{\left[ {0.20} \right]^2}M
Or k =0.30Ms−1[0.20]2M\dfrac{{0.30M{s^{ - 1}}}}{{{{\left[ {0.20} \right]}^2}M}} Let this be equation 1.
We have to find out the rate when the concentration is three times the initial concentration (c1{c_1}).
Let this rate be r2{r_2} and concentration be c2{c_2}.
We know rate (r2{r_2})= k[A]2{\left[ A \right]^2}
We concentration (c2{c_2})=3×c13 \times {c_1}
c2{c_2}=3×\times0.20M
c2{c_2}=0.60M =[A]
We need the value of k so that we can find the rate. So, this we will find from equation 1.
From equation 1, we have
k =0.30Ms−1[0.20]2M\dfrac{{0.30M{s^{ - 1}}}}{{{{\left[ {0.20} \right]}^2}M}}
k=0.30Ms−10.04M\dfrac{{0.30M{s^{ - 1}}}}{{0.04M}}
k=7.5s−1{s^{ - 1}}
Now, we have got the value of k. We can put other values and get our answer as
rate (r2{r_2})= k[A]2{\left[ A \right]^2}
r2{r_2}=7.5s−1×[0.60]2M7.5{s^{ - 1}} \times {[0.60]^2}M
r2{r_2}=7.5s−1×0.36M7.5{s^{ - 1}} \times 0.36M
r2{r_2}=2.7Ms−1M{s^{ - 1}}

So, the correct answer is option (d).

Note:
1)Always write units during numericals. It decreases the chances of mistakes.
2)Read the question carefully, from question only we got to know that the reaction is second order and we have used formula accordingly. There is a different formula for first, second and third-order reactions. For example,
For First order reaction- rate=k1[A]1{k_1}{\left[ A \right]^1}
For Second order reaction- rate= k2[A]2{k_2}{\left[ A \right]^2}
For Third order reaction- rate= k3[A]3{k_3}{\left[ A \right]^3}