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Question: Fluorine reacts with water to form: (A) \(\text{HF}\,\text{and }{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\) (B) \...

Fluorine reacts with water to form:
(A) HF and O2\text{HF}\,\text{and }{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}
(B) HF and O3\text{HF}\,\text{and }{{\text{O}}_{3}}
(C) HF and OF2\text{HF}\,\text{and O}{{\text{F}}_{\text{2}}}
(D) HF, O2 and O3\text{HF,}\,{{\text{O}}_{2}}\,\text{and }{{\text{O}}_{3}}

Explanation

Solution

Halogen are very reactive due to high electronegativity, high electron affinity and comparatively low bond energies.
- Fluorine has the highest reduction potential hence it is the strongest oxidizing agent.

Complete step by step answer:
- Fluorine and chlorine reacts with water while bromine and iodine are only sparingly soluble in water.
Fluorine gas reacts with water in normal temperature form hydrogen fluoride (HF)\text{(HF)} and release oxygen gas (O2)\text{(}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\text{)}, 2F2(g)+ 2H2O(l)→ 4F(aq)- + 4 H(aq)++ O2(g) \text{2}{{\text{F}}_{\text{2(g)}}}\text{+}\,\text{2}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}}\to \,\text{4F}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{-}}\,\text{+}\,\text{4}\,\text{H}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{+}}\text{+}\,{{\text{O}}_{\text{2(g)}}}\,
- When a large amount of fluorine gas is reacted with water molecule at very high temperature, it will release ozone gas with HF\text{HF}
3F2(g)+ 3H2O(l)→ 4F(aq)- + 4 H(aq)++ O3(g) \text{3}{{\text{F}}_{\text{2(g)}}}\text{+}\,3{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}}\to \,\text{4F}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{-}}\,\text{+}\,\text{4}\,\text{H}_{\text{(aq)}}^{\text{+}}\text{+}\,{{\text{O}}_{\text{3(g)}}}\,
When fluorine reacts with water in the presence of sunlight at very low temperature it forms HOF\text{HOF} and HF\text{HF}.
F2+ H2O→−40∘Chv HOF + HF  {{\text{F}}_{\text{2}}}\text{+}\,{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\text{O}\xrightarrow[-{{40}^{\circ }}C]{hv}\,\text{HOF}\,\text{+}\,\text{HF}\,\,
So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Additional information: Halogen reacts with water in a very different manner. Fluorine oxidises water molecules by releasing oxygen gas. Chlorine and bromine react with water molecules to form hydra acid(HX)\text{(HX)} and hypohalous acid (HOX)\text{(HOX)}.
X2+ H2O→ HOX + HX   !!!! X= Cl, Br !!!! {{\text{X}}_{\text{2}}}\text{+}\,{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\text{O}\to \,\text{HOX}\,\text{+}\,\text{HX}\,\,\text{ }\\!\\!\\{\\!\\!\text{ X=}\,\text{Cl, Br }\\!\\!\\}\\!\\!\text{ }
- Iodine does not react with water, instate I−{{\text{I}}^{-}} ions can be oxidised by oxygen in an acidic medium.

Note: Hydride of fluorine HF \text{HF}\, is liquid because of strong hydrogen bonding ,while other halogen hydracids (HX)\text{(HX)} are gaseous in nature. The abnormal behaviour of fluorine is due to its small size, high electronegativity and low F-F\text{F-F} bond dissociation energy.
- Fluorine forms only one oxyacid HOF\text{HOF}, because of its high electronegativity and small size and represents only one covalency.