Question

Find the missing data in the following table.

| Name of the salt| Formula| Base(Salt obtained from)| Acid(Salt obtained from)
---|---|---|---|---
(i)| Ammonium chloride| $N{H_4}Cl$| $N{H_4}OH$| $P$
(ii)| Copper sulphate| -| -| ${H_2}S{O_4}$
(iii)| Sodium chloride| $NaCl$| $NaOH$| -
(iv)| Magnesium nitrate| $Mg{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2}$| -| $HN{O_3}$
(v)| Potassium sulphate| ${K_2}S{O_4}$| -| -
(vi)| Calcium nitrate| $Ca{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2}$| $Ca{\left( {OH} \right)_2}$| -

The missing p from the above table is:

Answer 1

We have to remember that the neutralization reaction is a reaction, always the reactants are an acid and a base, the formation of the product is always a salt and water, and it involves the combination of ${H^ + }$ and $O{H^ - }$ions to give water.
For example,
$AB + CD \to CB + AD$
The above reaction is also a double displacement reaction.

Complete step by step answer:
Now we discuss the given option as one by one,
In option (i)the given compound is ammonium chloride which has the chemical formula of$NH{}_4Cl$. It is obtained from a neutralization chemical reaction as follows,
When ammonium hydroxide (chemical formula-$NH{}_4OH$) act as a base and hydrogen chloride (chemical formula-$HCl$) act as an acid, they neutralize each other to give the products Ammonium chloride,$N{H_4}Cl$, which is a salt and also gives water molecule.
$N{H_4}OH + HCl \to N{H_4}Cl + {H_2}O$
In the above chemical reaction, the positive ammonium ion $(N{H_4}^ + )$ from the base and the negative chloride ion $(C{l^ - })$ from the acid to form the salt $NH{}_4Cl$ . And the negative hydroxide ion $(O{H^ - })$from the base and the hydrogen ion $({H^ + })$from the acid to give water $({H_2}O)$ .
So, from the above information the missing data is $HCl$, an acid.
In option (ii)
The given compound is copper sulphate (chemical formula is $CuSO{}_4$). It is obtained from a neutralization chemical reaction as follows,
$Cu{(OH)_2} + {H_2}S{O_4} \to CuS{O_4} + {H_2}O$
From the above chemical reaction, copper hydroxide (chemical formula- $Cu{(OH)_2}$ ) act as a base and sulphuric acid (chemical formula- ${H_2}S{O_4}$ ) act as an acid, they neutralize each other to give the products Copper sulphate (chemical formula is $CuSO{}_4$ ), which is a salt and also gives water molecule.
In the above chemical reaction, the positive copper ion $(C{u^ + })$ from the base and the negative sulphate ion $(S{O_4}^ - )$ from the acid to form the salt $CuSO{}_4$ . And the negative hydroxide ion $(O{H^ - })$ from the base and the hydrogen ion $({H^ + })$ from the acid to give water $({H_2}O)$.
Therefore, trom the above information the missing data is:
Copper sulphate, the chemical formula is $CuS{O_4}$ , and the Base- $Cu{(OH)_2}$ , copper $(II)$ hydroxide.
In option (iii)
The given compound is sodium chloride (chemical formula is$NaCl$). It is obtained from a neutralization chemical reaction as follows,
$NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + {H_2}O$
From the above chemical reaction, sodium hydroxide (chemical formula- $NaOH$) act as a base and hydrogen chloride (chemical formula- $HCl$ ) act as an acid, they neutralize each other to give the products sodium chloride (chemical formula is $NaCl$ ), which is a salt and also gives water molecule.
In the above chemical reaction, the positive sodium ion $(N{a^ + })$ from the base and the negative chloride ion $(C{l^ - })$ from the acid to form the salt, sodium chloride,$NaCl$ . And the negative hydroxide ion $(O{H^ - })$ from the base and the hydrogen ion $({H^ + })$ from the acid to give water $({H_2}O)$ .
From the above information the missing data is: $HCl$ , is an acid.
In Option (iv)
The given compound is Magnesium nitrate $\left( {Mg{{(N{O_3})}_2}} \right)$ . It is obtained from a neutralization chemical reaction as follows,
$Mg{(OH)_2} + HN{O_3} \to Mg{(N{O_3})_2} + {H_2}O$
From the above chemical reaction, magnesium hydroxide (chemical formula-$Mg{(OH)_2}$) act as a base and nitric acid (chemical formula- $HN{O_3}$ ) act as an acid, they neutralize each other to give the products magnesium nitrate (chemical formula is $Mg{(NO{}_3)_2}$ , which is a salt and also gives water molecule.
In the above chemical reaction, the positive magnesium ion $(M{g^ + })$ from the base and the negative nitrate ion $(N{O_3}^ - )$ from the acid to form the salt $Mg{(NO{}_3)_2}$ . And the negative hydroxide ion $(O{H^ - })$ from the base and the hydrogen ion $({H^ + })$ from the acid to give water $({H_2}O)$.
Therefore, from the above information the missing data is:
Base- $Mg{(OH)_2}$ , magnesium hydroxide.
In option (v)
The given compound is potassium sulphate (chemical formula is ${K_2}SO{}_4$ ). It is obtained from a neutralization chemical reaction as follows,
$KOH + {H_2}S{O_4} \to {K_2}S{O_4} + {H_2}O$
From the above chemical reaction, potassium hydroxide (chemical formula- $KOH$) act as a base and sulphuric acid (chemical formula- ${H_2}S{O_4}$ ) act as an acid, they neutralize each other to give the products Copper sulphate (chemical formula is ${K_2}S{O_4}$), which is a salt and also gives water molecule.
In the above chemical reaction, the positive potassium ion $({K^ + })$ from the base and the negative sulphate ion $(S{O_4}^ - )$ from the acid to form the salt ${K_2}S{O_4}$ . And the negative hydroxide ion $(O{H^ - })$from the base and the hydrogen ion $({H^ + })$ from the acid to give water $({H_2}O)$ .
From the above information the missing data is: Base- $KOH$ (potassium hydroxide) and an Acid- ${H_2}S{O_4}$ (sulphuric acid).
In option(vi)
The given compound is calcium nitrate (chemical formula is $Ca{(N{O_3})_2}$ ). It is obtained from a neutralization chemical reaction as follows,
$Ca{(OH)_2} + HN{O_3} \to Ca{(N{O_3})_2} + {H_2}O$
From the above chemical reaction, calcium hydroxide (chemical formula- $Ca{(OH)_2}$ ) act as a base and nitric acid (chemical formula- $HN{O_3}$ ) act as an acid, they neutralize each other to give the products calcium nitrate (chemical formula is $Ca{(N{O_3})_2}$ ), which is a salt and also gives water molecule.
In the above chemical reaction, the positive sodium ion $(C{a^ + })$ from the base and the negative nitrate ion $(N{O_3}^ - )$ from the acid to form the salt, calcium nitrate, $Ca{(N{O_3})_2}$ . And the negative hydroxide ion $(O{H^ - })$ from the base and the hydrogen ion $({H^ + })$ from the acid to give water $({H_2}O)$ .
From the above information the missing data is: $HN{O_3}$-acid.
Collectively the missing data are,

| Name of the salt| Formula| Base(Salt obtained from)| Acid(Salt obtained from)
---|---|---|---|---
(i)| Ammonium chloride| $N{H_4}Cl$| $N{H_4}OH$| $HCl$
(ii)| Copper sulphate| $CuS{O_4}$| $Cu{\left( {OH} \right)_2}$| ${H_2}S{O_4}$
(iii)| Sodium chloride| $NaCl$| $NaOH$| $HCl$
(iv)| Magnesium nitrate| $Mg{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2}$| $Mg{\left( {OH} \right)_2}$| $HN{O_3}$
(v)| Potassium sulphate| ${K_2}S{O_4}$| $KOH$| ${H_2}S{O_4}$
(vi)| Calcium nitrate| $Ca{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2}$| $Ca{\left( {OH} \right)_2}$| $HN{O_3}$

The missing p from the above table is:$HCl$, hydrogen chloride.

Note:
Generally an acid-base neutralization reaction is also a neutralization reaction. If a solution is neutralized, then that salts are formed from equal weights of base and acid.
We have to remember that an acid is a substance which has sour taste and acid has the capacity to turn blue litmus to red. The acid has a tendency to be soluble in water and conduct electricity.
While the base is a substance which has bitter taste and which has the capacity to turn red litmus to blue.