Question

Find the electronegativity of lead if screening constant $(\sigma )$of Pb = 76.70, atomic number of lead = 82 and covalent radius of Pb = 1.53${A^ \circ }$

Answer 1

Many ions have common names formed from the stem of the element name (the Latin name in some classes) plus the ending –ic or –ous. In which –ic endings accompany the upper possible charge, -ous ending accompany the lower possible charge. We have to remember that the shielding or screening effect explains repulsion forces between the inner electrons and also explains the variation of atomic size of atoms, removing the nature of electrons in the valence shell.

Complete step by step answer:
Lead shows two main oxidation states that’s +4 and +2 there’s a comparatively large difference between the electronegativity of lead (ll) and lead (lV). This difference marks the reversal in the trend of increasing stability of the +4 oxidation state going down the carbon group.
Given data contains,
Screening constant of lead=76
Atomic number of lead=82
Radius of lead=1.53
Electronegativity of lead can be written as,
${Z_{eff}} = {Z_A} - Z\sigma$
Where,
ZA=Atomic number
Zσ=shielding constant or screening constant.
Here we have the value of screening constant and atomic number ${Z_A} = 82,{Z_\sigma } = 76.70$
${Z_{eff}} = 82 - 76.0$
On simplification we get,
${Z_{eff}} = 5.3$
As we know that,
$\Rightarrow$ ${X_{Pb}} = 0.359 \times \dfrac{{{Z_{eff}}}}{{{r^2}}} + 0.744$
Substituting the known values we get,
$\Rightarrow$ ${X_{Pb}} = 0.359 \times \dfrac{{5.3}}{{{{\left( {5.3} \right)}^2}}} + 0.744$
On simplification we get,
$\Rightarrow$ ${X_{Pb}} = 1.55$
Therefore, the solution to the electronegativity of lead is 1.55.

Note:
We must remember that lead may be a chemical element with atomic number 82 it is a heavy metal that’s denser than most common materials. It is soft and malleable, and also features a relatively lower melting point. When freshly cut, lead is silvery with a hint of blue; it generally tarnishes to a dull grey colour when exposed to air.