Question

Fill in the missing data in the following table:

Name of salt	Formula	Salt obtained from Base	Salt obtained from Acid
i) Ammonium chloride	$N{H_4}Cl$	$N{H_4}OH$	_____
ii) Sodium chloride	$NaCl$	$NaOH$	_____
iii) Magnesium nitrate	$Mg{(N{O_3})_2}$	_____	_____
iv) Potassium sulphate	${K_2}S{O_4}$	_____	${H_2}S{O_4}$
v) Calcium nitrate	$Ca{(N{O_3})_2}$	$Ca{(OH)_2}$	_____

Answer 1

The acid of the salt can be identified by adding an appropriate number of hydrogen ions to the anion. The base is given by adding an appropriate number of hydroxyl ions to the cation. The numbers of each ion to be added depends on the charge on the cation and anion.

Complete step by step answer:
In our first compound, $N{H_4}Cl$, the anion is $C{l^ - }$. Since it has a charge of $- 1$, the number of hydrogen ions to be added to it is also one. Hence, the acid from which it was made is ${H^ + } + C{l^ - } \to HCl$.
Moving on to our next compound $NaCl$, here too the anion is $C{l^ - }$. Since it has a charge of $- 1$, the number of hydrogen ions to be added to it is also one. Hence, the acid from which it was made is ${H^ + } + C{l^ - } \to HCl$.
In the third compound, $Mg{(N{O_3})_2}$, the anion is $NO_3^ -$. Since it has a charge of $- 1$, the number of hydrogen ions to be added to it is also one. Hence, the acid from which it was made is ${H^ + } + N{O_3}^ - \to HN{O_3}$. The cation in this case is $M{g^{2 + }}$. Since it has a charge of $+ 2$, we have to add two hydroxyl ions to get the base. Therefore, we get the base as: $M{g^{2 + }} + 2O{H^ - } \to Mg{(OH)_2}$
Moving on to our fourth salt, ${K_2}S{O_4}$, the cation is ${K^ + }$. Since it has a charge of $+ 1$, we have to add one hydroxyl ion to get the base. Therefore, we get the base as: ${K^ + } + O{H^ - } \to KOH$
And our last compound is $Ca{(N{O_3})_2}$, whose anion is $NO_3^ -$. Since it has a charge of $- 1$, the number of hydrogen ions to be added to it is also one. Hence, the acid from which it was made is ${H^ + } + N{O_3}^ - \to HN{O_3}$
Therefore, we get the final table as:

Name of salt	Formula	Salt obtained from Base	Salt obtained from Acid
i) Ammonium chloride	$N{H_4}Cl$	$N{H_4}OH$	$HCl$
ii) Sodium chloride	$NaCl$	$NaOH$	$HCl$
iii) Magnesium nitrate	$Mg{(N{O_3})_2}$	$Mg{(OH)_2}$	$HN{O_3}$
iv) Potassium sulphate	${K_2}S{O_4}$	$KOH$	${H_2}S{O_4}$
v) Calcium nitrate	$Ca{(N{O_3})_2}$	$Ca{(OH)_2}$	$HN{O_3}$

Note: Cations are positively charged ions, while anions are the negatively charged ions. The reaction between an acid and a base produces salt and water as the products, and this reaction is known as a neutralization reaction. Note that neutralization reaction is an exothermic one, since salts are stable compounds and thus, release heat when they are formed.