Question

Extranuclear genes are found in
A. Plastids not inherited
B. Plasmid, not inherited
C. Mitochondria, not inherited
D. Mitochondria, inherited from female

Answer 1

The transmission of the genes that occur outside the nucleus are the extra nuclear and cytoplasmic inheritance. It is known to occur cytoplasmic organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria that present most of the eukaryotes. Plastids present in only the plants but mitochondria present in both plants and animals.

Complete answer:
In the cellular respiration mitochondria are the organelles which function to transfer the energy produced by sugar, photosynthesis in the plants. During the cell division the extranuclear genome of the chloroplasts and mitochondria replicate independently. The replication helps to increase energy during the lifespan of the cells. Mitochondrial disease is always inherited from the mother in the offspring because mitochondrial DNA is already present in the egg before it gets fertilized by sperm.
The zygote in which the mitochondrial DNA of the sperm often remains outside and gets excluded from the inheritance. There are three types of extranuclear inheritance such as vegetative segregation, uniparental inheritance, and parental inheritance. The one given example is the extra nuclear inheritance such as poky mutant fungus found in the Neurospora Crassa. And extranuclear genes are found in the eukaryotes and commonly occur in the chloroplasts and mitochondria form cellular parasites like bacteria and virus, and fungus.

Therefore the correct option is (D).

Note: Extra nuclear or cytoplasmic DNA located in two types of organelles that have small circular chromosomes found in the cytoplasm of the cell. With the help of chloroplast and mitochondria located genes help for proper cellular function. On the cytoplasmic extranuclear genes are located and inherited disease from the mother such as weakness in the muscle deterioration and so on.