Question

Explain why sodium and magnesium are in the same period?

Answer 1

The periodic table, commonly known as the periodic table of elements, is a tabular representation of chemical elements organised by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurrent chemical characteristics. The table's structure reveals periodic patterns. Metals are on the left and nonmetals are on the right in the table's seven rows, known as eras. The elements in the columns, referred to as groupings, have comparable chemical properties.

Complete answer:
A row of chemical elements in the periodic chart is called a period. The number of electron shells in each element in a row is the same. Each subsequent element in a period has one more proton than its predecessor and is less metallic. The periodic rule is reflected in this arrangement, as groupings of elements in the same column have comparable chemical and physical characteristics.
A period 3 element is a chemical element that belongs to the third row (or period) of the periodic table of elements. When the periodic table skips a row and a chemical behaviour begins to repeat, a new row is started, and elements with comparable behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. Eight elements make up the third period: sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, and argon.
The electrons of the elements in the third electron energy shell are in the third period. The outermost valence electrons of sodium and magnesium are in the same third period.
The electron configuration of sodium is $[Ne]\text{ }3{{s}^{1}}$ , with a total of 11 electrons.
Magnesium contains a total of 12 electrons in the $[Ne]\text{ }3{{s}^{2}}$ electron configuration.
Both Sodium and Magnesium have third electron shell 3s as their outermost valence electrons, therefore they are in the same period.
This period corresponds to the accumulation of electrons in the third (n = 3) shell, especially its 3s and 3p subshells, in a quantum mechanical explanation of atomic structure. There is a 3d subshell, however it is not filled until period 4 in accordance with the Aufbau concept. As a result, all eight components have the same precise sequence as the period 2 elements. Because the 3d subshell is typically non-acting, the octet rule often applies to period 3 elements in the same manner as it does to period 2 elements.

Note:
In nature, all period three elements contain at least one stable isotope. All of them are necessary for fundamental geology and life, with the exception of the noble gas argon. Sodium (Na) is a metal that belongs to the alkali family. In the form of sodium chloride, it may be found in huge amounts in the world's seas (table salt). Magnesium (Mg) is a metal that belongs to the alkaline earth family. Chlorophyll contains magnesium ions.