Question

Explain the process of transcription in prokaryotes. How is the process different in eukaryotes?

Answer 1

It is referred to as a process in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It can lead to the formation of mRNA. It shows the presence of three steps initiation, elongation and termination. It is an important process and results in messenger RNA formation.

Complete answer:
Transcription is described as a procedure in which the data is copied from a DNA strand to a messenger mRNA. It includes three stages- initiation, elongation and termination. Messenger mRNA is formed by means of the enzyme RNA polymerase. For eg. In case of E.coli the polymerase has five polypeptide subunits. These are known as holoenzymes. Once the transcription completes the enzyme disassembles.

Transcription is a process that requires a double stranded DNA. This helps to partially unwind in the location of mRNA synthesis. This is recognized as the transcription bubble. The proteins and enzymes bind to the DNA sequence. This process is recognised as a promoter. The sequencing of the promoter is fundamental to determine the method of transcription.
In the preliminary stage of transcription, RNA polymerase assembled holoenzyme assembles over the promoter.

A thing approves it to proceed over the DNA template to synthesise the mRNA molecules with the aid of including variable nucleotide pairs.
The strand present process transcription is referred to as a template strand. The mRNA shaped is similar to the different single DNA strand. This other DNA strand is referred to as a non-template strand. This synthesis takes place in 5' to 3' direction.
In case of elongation the DNA double stranded helix is broken and new hydrogen bonds are formed. The RNA polymerase acts as a template and stabilises the DNA strand and the newly fashioned RNA strand.

Once the elongation completes termination comes into action. RNA polymerase dissociates from the DNA template. This leads to formation of mRNA. The important distinction between a prokaryote and eukaryote is - the nucleus in eukaryotes is membrane certain and in case of prokaryotes the nucleus lacks membrane.
In case of prokaryotes transcription happens in cytoplasm and in case of eukaryotes the transcription takes place in the nucleus.

Note: Transcription is referred to as a process that occurs in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In case of eukaryotes, it takes place in the nucleus. In case of prokaryotes, it takes place in cytoplasm.