Question

Explain the process of protein synthesis from processed m-RNA?

Answer 1

DNA is used as a template to make a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) during a process called transcription. The molecule of mRNA then evacuates the nucleus to go to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Then translation takes place. The genetic code in mRNA is read and used to make a protein during translation.

Step by step answer: Protein synthesis refers to the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation.
-Translation happens at the ribosome, which contains rRNA and proteins. In translation, the pedagogy in mRNA is read, so that tRNA can bring the correct sequence of amino acids to the ribosome.
-The mRNA created in transcription is transferred out of the nucleus, into the cytoplasm, to the ribosome which is known as the cell's protein synthesis factory. Here, it supervises protein synthesis. Messenger RNA is not directly involved in protein synthesis as transfer RNA (tRNA) is required for this. The process by which mRNA leads to protein synthesis with the assistance of tRNA is called translation.
-The ribosome is a very vast complex of RNA and protein molecules. Each three-base stretch of mRNA (triplet) is called a codon, and each codon contains the information for a specific amino acid. As the mRNA departs through the ribosome, each codon interacts with the anticodon of a specific transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule by Watson-Crick base pairing.
-This tRNA molecule transmits an amino acid at its 3′-terminus. Then this is incorporated into the growing protein chain. The tRNA is then evicted from the ribosome.

Note: There are three processes-
1. The replication of DNA is semi-conservative. It depends on complementary base pairing.
2. Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA duplicated from the DNA base sequences by RNA polymerase.
3. Translation refers to the synthesis of polypeptides on ribosomes.