Question

Explain the following
(A) Water piper in colder countries often burst in winter
(B) In winter water tanks(or ocean) start freezing from the surface and not from the bottom.
(C) Fishes survive in ponds even when the atmospheric temperature is well below 0$^\circ$C.
(D) A hollow glass sphere which floats with its entire volume submerged in winter at 4$^\circ$C sinks when water is heated above 4$^\circ$C.
(E) A glass bottle completely filled with water and tightly closed at room temperature, is likely to burst when kept in the freezer of the refrigerator.

Answer 1

According to the question we need to explain the above point briefly. We need to explain about water expansion like when liquid water is cooled, it contracts like one would expect until a temperature of approximately 4 degrees Celsius is reached. After that, it expands slightly until it reaches the freezing point, and then when it freezes it expands by approximately 9%.

Complete step-by-step answer:
A) In the colder countries the water pipes often burst because when the water gets close to freezing it expands inside the pipe, so that it increases the pressure inside the pipe.and when it gets too high the pipe bursts.

B) In winter when the temperature starts falling below 0℃ the water at the surface of the tank or the ocean initially at temperature of 4℃ begins to radiate heat to the atmosphere. So the temperature of water starts falling when the temperature of water at the surface falls, water contracts, so its density increases and therefore it sinks to the bottom. This happens due to an anomalous expansion of water.

C) Fishes can survive in ponds even though the temperature is 0℃ because till the surface of the wate is 4℃ but when the temperature reaches below 4℃ then water expands. This is called the anomalous property of water.

D) This is because at 4℃, the water is at its highest density, this high density is due to low temperature of water and gets more contracted than usual and will have low volume with a high density. This is the reason why the hollow sphere stays floats and will only sink after the water is heated above 4℃, the sinking is because when the water is heated above 4℃ it starts to expand and its density falls hence not able to keep the sphere afloat.

E) It is due to the anomalous expansion or strange behavior of water. The expansion of water takes place as it is cooled from 4℃ to 0℃. This behavior is unusual because most substances contract when they are cooled, but water expands on solidifying. Due to this expansion a glass bottle completely filled with water and tightly closed at room temperature is likely to burst when it is kept in the fridge.

Note: An increase in temperature caused the water molecules to gain energy and move more rapidly, which resulted in water molecules that are farther apart and an increase in water volume. When water is heated, it expands, or increases in volume. When water increases in volume, it becomes less dense.