Question

Explain the difference between strong acid and weak acid.

Answer 1

Acids are chemical substances that donate hydrogen ions or protons when mixed in solution.An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. A base is a molecule or ion able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid. Acidic substances are usually identified by their sour taste.

Complete step by step answer:
Acids are classified into strong acid and weak acid on the basis of their degree of dissociation, also known as $\alpha$.
Degree of dissociation refers to the amount of solute dissociated into ions.
Now, differentiate strong acid and weak acid :

Strong Acid	Weak Acid
Strong acid is an acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution. It always loses a proton $({H^ + })$ when dissolved in water.	Weak acid is an acid that ionizes partially in a solution. It gives off only a few of its $({H^ + })$ atoms when dissolved in water.
Strong acid possesses higher conductivity , due to presence of unpaired atoms. It contains more unpair atoms hence its conductivity is higher. It will pass more current than weak acid.	Weak acid possesses lower conductivity , due to presence of less unpair atoms. It contains less unpair atoms hence its conductivity is lower. It will pass less current than weak acid.
Rate of reaction is faster for strong acids. Because the rate of reaction depends upon the degree of dissociation $\alpha$and strong acids have higher degrees of dissociation.	Rate of reaction is slower than weak acids. Because the rate of reaction depends upon the degree of dissociation $\alpha$and weak acids have lower degree of dissociation.
$pH$ is lower than $3$ in case of strong acids.It ranges from $0 - 3$	$pH$ is higher than $3$ in case of weak acids.It ranges from $3 - 7$
Strong acids contain ionic bonds. So they are polyprotic in nature. Polyprotic – who releases more than one proton.	Weak acids contain covalent bonds. So they are monoprotic in nature. Monoprotic – who releases one proton.
Ex. $HCl,HN{O_{3,}}{H_2}S{O_4}$(Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid)	Ex.${H_2}S{0_3},C{H_3}COOH,{H_3}P{O_4}$(Sulphurous acid, acetic acid, phosphorous acid)

Note: $pH$ is defined as the potential of hydrogen. It is effectively a measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance. It is used to specify the acidity and basicity of an aqueous solution.