Question

Explain the classification of living organisms on the basis of evolution.

Answer 1

Classification allows categorizing organisms in some order which tells how closely organisms are related through evolution. It is based on the fact that every organism has originated from a single ancestral organism. Modifications in genotypes and phenotypes led to differences in organisms.

Complete answer:
Evolution is defined as a process through which different types of organisms developed from ancestral forms with the passage of time. It is a gradual process through which the simpler organisms developed into complex organisms. On the basis of evolution, the organisms are classified into two categories. Organisms are either stated as primitive or evolved. The simplest organisms are included in the prokaryotic group. The prokaryotes are those that have single-celled bodies with very little differentiation. Prokaryotes have no defined nucleus and lack membrane-bound organelles. Their nucleus is called incipient nucleus or primitive or initial nucleus. The genetic material floats freely in the cytoplasmic fluid of the cell. They lack mitochondria which are membrane-bound organelle that helps in the production of energy molecules. The eukaryotes are evolved or advanced organisms. They can be single-celled or multicellular. They have a higher level of organization. Their cells have membrane-bound organelles that perform different functions. The genetic material of eukaryotes is present inside a membrane-bound organelle called the nucleus. This means that they have a true nucleus and thus are called ‘eu’ means true ‘karyotes’ means nucleus. Eukaryotes further developed through evolution and formed more complex organisms like plants and animals. These are further classified into different categories based on certain differences and similarities.

Note: The branch of science that deals with the classification of organisms is called taxonomy. It consists of hierarchical levels that contain a specific group of animals at each stage that share certain similarities. Nomenclature is a branch of taxonomy that provides names to the organisms. It helps for standardization for the identification purposes of organisms.